Science and Policy: Challenges to Nuclear Power in the UK

Many aspects of modern living depend on scientific and technological progress. Whereas we confidently expect this to continue, paradoxically, there is growing scepticism about the claims of new science. The public is concerned about perceived risks which have no sound scientific basis and almost certainly do not exist. This dilemma is discussed in the context of nuclear power in the UK. The supporters of nuclear power believe that in terms of security of supply, cost and environmental impact, there is a compelling case to maintain a significant nuclear component in our electricity supply to maintain essential diversity. This case is based on sound quantitative analysis. Some opponents of nuclear power counter this by publicizing unsubstantiated alarmist consequences of nuclear power where the underlying science is misrepresented or ignored. Extensive public consultation is also playing an increasing role and subjective judgements are being made without analysis based on sound science. This could lead to bad decisions on issues of national importance. It is concluded that better mechanisms are needed to ensure that the relevant science, technology and economics issues are properly taken into account in national policy decision making. Scientists and engineers can do more to help themselves. Too few are willing or able to contribute effectively to national policy debates on technological issues and this is a significant factor in the communication gap which exists between science, the public and policy makers.