Deriving, regenerating, and engineering CNS tissues using human pluripotent stem cells

•Developmental biology principles can be applied to generate diverse CNS cell types.•Clinical trials for diverse CNS cell therapies are either ongoing or imminent.•2- and 3-D CNS tissue models expand the scope of clinical relevance.

Progress in deriving a spectrum of central nervous system cell phenotypes from human pluripotent stem cells has spurred significant advances in in vitro modeling and development of regenerative therapies for neurological disorders. While the clinical impact of these advances is still being evaluated, their integration with advanced tissue engineering methodologies and therapeutic approaches that induce neural circuit plasticity, respectively, remain underexplored frontiers.

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