Penicillium: The next emerging champion for cellulase production

Bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass via enzymatic route has received wide acceptance as liquid fuel for transport sector. It has been regarded as alternative sustainable source of energy, however; economic feasibility still remains a question. Cellulase is still considered to add to the major cost components in the bio-ethanol production process. Trichoderma reesei, which is considered as the most potent cellulase producer is known to be deficient in β-glucosidase, hence, Penicillium cellulases being rich in β-glucosidase have got recognition. Thus Penicillium cellulases give higher efficiencies during saccharification of biomass resulting in lower cellulase requirement; decreasing the cost of cellulases in the process. This review gives an account of cellulases produced from Penicillium and its superiority over existing cellulase champions. It also discusses the possible targets to improve cellulase secretion from Penicillium at genetic level. This article justifies that Penicillium could be the next champions for cellulase production for biofuel applications.