Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
6486524	Biotechnology Advances	2018	88 Pages	PDF

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human death worldwide. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the etiology of such diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The control of vascular cell proliferation is complex and encompasses interactions of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways. Herein, we recapitulated the importance of signaling cascades relevant for the regulation of vascular cell proliferation. Detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying this process is essential for the identification of new lead compounds (e.g., natural products) for vascular therapies.

Keywords

ECM CREB EGFR NF-κB CDK EGF Jnk Mmps NFAT PAH bFGF NADPH mTOR ACE FAK cGMP FGF Bcl-2 ERK HDAC PDE NOS LMW eNOS IRS IκB CaMK IGF-1 IP3 IFN-γ GPCR ET-1 AP-1 IGF1R GLUT1 GSK-3 c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase ASK1 LRP1 mTORC1 IRE MFN2 Drp-1 IP3R1 CKI aFGF GRB2 Neuregulins NRG CIP/KIP BMPR-II HSG Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor PBEF LMW-PTP PCNA MKKK acidic FGF CDK interacting protein/Kinase inhibitory protein inhibitor of CDK4 Janus kinase cAMP Basic FGF G-protein-coupled receptor INK4 inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate MAPK MAPK kinase MAPK kinase kinase MKK NOx Atherosclerosis Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen angiotensin converting enzyme angiotensin II type 1 receptor Angiotensin II DES Drug-eluting stents endothelin-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 interferon-γ interleukin cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Proliferation restenosis Ang II diacylglycerol CVD DAG Endothelial cell Vascular smooth muscle cells endothelial nitric oxide synthase endoplasmic reticulum epidermal growth factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells Growth factor fibroblast growth factor nuclear factor kappa B Pulmonary arterial hypertension activating protein-1 B-cell lymphoma 2 Low-density lipoprotein LDL Extracellular matrix Matrix metalloproteinases BMP Signaling pathway inhibitor of NF-κB mitofusin 2 MicroRNA MiRNA NAD Nitric oxide nitric oxide synthase nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate mammalian target of rapamycin Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 histone deacetylase low molecular weight Pulmonary hypertension Bone morphogenetic protein cAMP response element-binding protein mitogen-activated protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 Cell cycle JAK extracellular signal-regulated kinase apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 focal adhesion kinase cyclin dependent kinase glucose transporter 1 glycogen synthase kinase-3 EGF receptor insulin receptor Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor