Accelerated bone ingrowth by local delivery of strontium from surface functionalized titanium implants

Studies have indicated systemic treatment with strontium (Sr) as a potential route to increase bone quality and formation around osseointegrating implants. However, adverse effects are linked to such treatment. In this study we present a surface modification method designed for sustained local release of Sr from implants. The four groups used were prepared by a magnetron co-sputtering process and selected on the basis of Sr release data. The composition, morphology and mechanical stability of the coatings were analyzed and the Sr release profiles were investigated in vitro by washout experiments. Mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the different coatings to evaluate potential cytotoxic effects and the effect on cellular proliferation. No indication of toxicity was found. A rodent study demonstrated a significant increase in direct bone-to-implant contact and peri-implant bone volume, for several of the groups, four weeks after implantation when compared to a Grade 4 titanium reference group. Median values of bone-to-implant contact and new bone formation was found to be 19% and 53%, respectively, for the best group compared to 0% for both parameters with respect to the Grade 4 titanium reference. The results indicate that this method may have applications within the orthopedic and dental industry.