Assessing active and passive effects of façade building integrated photovoltaics/thermal systems: Dynamic modelling and simulation

To assess the potentiality of the numerical model and the feasibility of the investigated system, a comprehensive case study relative to a multi-floor high rise office building located in several European climate zones is developed. A comparative and parametric analysis is also carried out with the aim to evaluate the system active and passive effects as a function of the building height. Simulation results show that by using building integrated air open-loop photovoltaic thermal systems, an interesting percentage reduction of the heating demand can be obtained. Both passive and active effects contribute to the variation of the thermal and electrical efficiencies. For the investigated weather zones, the innovative system leads to a reduction of the final energy consumptions ranging from 56.8 to 104.4%, approaching the nearly or net positive zero energy building target in the southern climate. Finally, the proposed analysis also aims to show the main implications linked to the design of the system, to be carefully taken into consideration by designers and stakeholders in case of new buildings or renovations.