Optimization framework for distributed energy systems with integrated electrical grid constraints

The results showed that the electrical grid constraints have a significant impact on the optimal solutions, especially at high levels of renewable energy use, highlighting their importance in such optimization problems. The inclusion of such constraints directly in the operational scheduling achieved an additional 18% reduction in carbon emissions for a given cost compared to checking the validity of solutions a posteriori. Furthermore, by properly designing and determining operation schedules of DES, it is possible to integrated 40% more renewables without grid upgrades.