Chemical-looping combustion using combined iron/manganese/silicon oxygen carriers

The study shows that it is possible to achieve very high fuel conversion with combined oxides of iron, manganese and silicon as oxygen carrier. The mechanical stability of the particles was rather poor though and would need to be improved. On the other hand the findings relating to material stability is not necessary valid for natural materials containing a number of additional elements. The results are also of interest as an indication of how natural materials with similar composition, i.e. manganese ores, would perform as oxygen carriers.