Electrical consumption of two-, three- and four-wheel light-duty electric vehicles in India

The powertrain modeling methodology is validated against experimental measurements of electrical consumption for a Nissan Leaf. The model is then used to predict electrical consumption for several types of vehicles in different driving conditions. The results show that in city driving conditions, the average electrical consumption is: 33 Wh/km for the scooter, 61 Wh/km for the 3-wheeler, 84 Wh/km for the low power 4-wheeler, and 123 Wh/km for the high power 4-wheeler. For highway driving conditions, the average electrical consumption is: 133 Wh/km for the low power 4-wheeler, and 165 Wh/km for the high power 4-wheeler. The impact of variations in several parameters are modeled, including the impact of different driving conditions, different levels of loading by air conditions and other ancillary components, different total vehicle masses, and different levels of motor operating efficiency.