Image analysis method for crack distribution and width estimation for reinforced concrete structures

An image analysis method is proposed to observe the development and distribution of thin cracks on RC surfaces; it also allows estimation of crack widths. Image matching based on optical flow and subpixel is employed to analyze slight concrete surface displacements. Camera calibration is included to eliminate perspective effects and lens distortion. Geometric transformation is adopted so that cameras do not need to be perpendicular to the observed surface or specified positions. Formulas are proposed to estimate the width of shear crack opening. The proposed method was then applied to a cyclic test of an RC structure. The crack widths and their development analyzed by the image analysis were verified with human inspection in the test. In addition, concrete surface cracks that appeared at a very early stage of the test could be observed by the proposed method before they could be detected by the naked eye. The results thus demonstrate that the proposed image analysis method offers an efficient way applicable not only for structural tests but also for crack-based structural-health-monitoring applications.