Smoothing evolutionary structural optimization for structures with displacement or natural frequency constraints

The Smoothing Evolutionary Structural Optimization (SESO) technique was extended to solve 2D elastic problems with constraint of displacements or natural frequencies. At the end of each finite element analysis, a scalar representing the sensitivity due to the removal of an element is calculated. Thus, the elements that have the lowest values are removed from the structure, while the displacements in prescribed locations are kept inside of limits stated or the first frequencies are maximized. The proposed technique proved to be adequate and efficient in the execution of shape and topological optimization.