Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6840949 | Economics of Education Review | 2012 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
⺠The study carried out an out-of-sample forecasting competition among GM(1,1), GM(1,1) rolling, and exponential smoothing. ⺠Annual time-series data of education expenditure and school enrollment from 1991 to 2004 documented by NCES were used to generate individual forecasts. ⺠Accuracy measurements were estimated based on the criteria of MAD, MAPE, MSE and the F-statistics for the test of equal forecast accuracy. ⺠The GM(1,1) rolling model over-performed the other two models in predicting education expenditure and student enrollment.
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Authors
Hui-Wen Vivian Tang, Mu-Shang Yin,