Two-tier static equivalent method of active distribution networks considering sensitivity, power loss and static load characteristics

This paper presents a two-tier static equivalent method that can accurately simplify active distribution networks. This method proposes a new physical equivalent network composed of equivalent generator, branch and load. Based on the physical equivalent network, the two-tier static equivalent model is further constructed. In the upper tier equivalent model, the consistency of sensitivity and power loss are considered. In the lower tier equivalent model, static load characteristics are retained to further enhance the accuracy of the equivalent model. The test systems, containing both transmission and active distribution networks, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-tier static equivalent method.