Wind field parallelization based on Schwarz alternating domain decomposition method

Wind field is a critical issue in forest fire propagation prediction. However, wind field calculation is a complex problem that, for large terrains, involves solving huge linear systems. To solve such systems, the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solver is applied. SSOR and Jacobi preconditioners are usually used, but solving such systems takes too much time and makes the approach unfeasible in real time operation. Parallelization appears as a way to make the approach operational in real time. The PCG with both preconditioners has been parallelized to accelerate the execution. However, the improvement in execution time is not enough, and the Schwarz alternating domain decomposition has been applied to exploit a second level of parallelism. Using this method, the linear system is decomposed in a set of overlapped subdomains that can be solved in parallel using a Master/Worker paradigm, where each worker exploits the PCG solver parallelism. As a result, the wind field calculation time is significantly reduced; for example, a large map of 1200×1200 cells, whose solution took more than 2000 seconds in the original WindNinja, can now be solved in less than 240 seconds using 4 subdomain and 4 cores per subdomain.