Approximate search of short patterns with high error rates using the 01⁎0 lossless seeds

Approximate pattern matching is an important computational problem that has a wide range of applications in computational biology and in information retrieval. However, searching a short pattern in a text with high error rates (10-20%) under the Levenshtein distance is a task for which few efficient solutions exist. Here we address this problem by introducing a new type of seeds: the 01⁎0 seeds. These seeds are made of two exact parts separated by parts with exactly one error. We show that those seeds are lossless, and we apply them to two filtration algorithms for two popular applications, one where a compressed index is built on the text and another one where the patterns are indexed. We also demonstrate experimentally the advantages of our approach compared to alternative methods implementing other types of seeds. This work opens the way to the design of more efficient and more sensitive text algorithms.