Price-based data delivery framework for dynamic and pervasive IoT

Recent ongoing research efforts are taking advantage of the emerging technologies which realize the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. However, the realization of an IoT framework is still facing many challenges in terms of QoS, resource management and pricing, in addition to the most pressing challenge which is attributed to the integration of the heterogeneous nodes and devices that compete to efficiently route their data. Routing data and inter-nodal communication in IoT has not been yet well investigated; primarily due to the absolute reliance on the Internet as a backhaul. Nevertheless, spatially linked entities in the IoT, and those which most often interact, would pose a significant overhead of communication if all intermediate data packets need to be routed over such distant/dynamic topology. Consequently, we propose an Adaptive Routing Approach (ARA) that selectively launches routes of communication between the heterogeneous IoT nodes. Since nodes in the IoT belong to different owners, we also introduce a pricing mechanism to cater for the exchange of monetary costs by intermediate nodes to utilize their relaying resources. In this paper, the ARA routing approach is described and a use case in addition to theoretical analysis to demonstrate the utility and practicality of ARA in the heterogeneous IoT as it scales is investigated. Moreover, extensive simulation results are performed to outline the efficiency of the ARA approach under IoT-specific setups.