Numerical framework for considering the dependency of SWCCs on volume changes and their hysteretic responses in modelling elasto-plastic response of unsaturated soils

Then, using the provided finite element approach, we illustrate the numerical problems which can arise from including the SWCC hysteretic behaviour when solving boundary value problems involving unsaturated soils. Then, a model to rectify these problems is provided. The introduced method yields an incremental nonlinear function which links the rate of saturation degree to the rate of porosity and the rate of suction. An integration scheme with automatic error control for updating the saturation degree during the analyses is introduced. Numerical examples are provided for validation and to demonstrate the capability of the proposed scheme in modelling hysteretic response of the SWCC.