Smart manufacturing standardization: Architectures, reference models and standards framework

With the development of information & communication technology (ICT), industrial technology and management technology, manufacturing operation pattern and technology are improving quickly. In order to realize economic transformation and get their national competitiveness, American government proposed Re-industrialization and Industrial Internet, German government announced Industry 4.0, and Chinese government published Made in China 2025 national strategy. All of these mentioned strategies have a key topic: smart manufacturing. ISO, IEC, ITU, IEEE, and other international standard development organizations (SDOs) develop sets of international standards related to smart manufacturing. In order to present a systematic standardization solution for smart manufacturing, SDOs of the US, Germany, China and other countries developed their own national standards landscapes or roadmaps. In the paper, the new development of ICT and industrial technology are reviewed firstly. Then, these smart manufacturing architectures are analysed and compared. Thirdly, the reference model for smart manufacturing standards development and implementation is developed. At the end of the paper, a standards framework is provided.