Physicochemical properties of Cu loaded onto core-shell Al-MCM-41: Effect of loading methods

- Copper was successfully loaded on core-shell Al-MCM-41 by three methods.
- Distinction of copper species in the structure affected on Brønsted acid sites.
- Cu(II) in tetrahedral coordination was relatively stable.
- Cu(II) of oxidized catalyst was dehydrated to Cu(I) at high temperature.
- Steaming effect influences decreasing of the amount of Brønsted acid sites.