Electrochemical detection of rutin on nitrogen-doped graphene modified carbon ionic liquid electrode

In this paper nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was synthesized and applied to modify an ionic liquid 1-hexylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate based carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). The fabricated NG/CILE exhibited excellent electrochemical performances. Electrochemical behaviors of rutin on NG/CILE were carefully investigated with a pair of well-defined redox peaks appeared, which was attributed to the presence of NG with electrocatalytic activity. Electrochemical parameters of rutin on NG/CILE were calculated with the values of charge transfer coefficient (α), electron transfer number (n) and electrode reaction standard rate constant (ks) as 0.57, 1.76 and 1.24 s−1, respectively. Under the optimal conditions rutin could be detected in the concentration range from 7.0 × 10−10 to 1.0 × 10−5 mol/L with the detection limit as 0.23 nmol/L (3σ) by differential pulse voltammetry. The proposed method was further applied to the determination of rutin tablet samples with satisfactory results.