Modified multiplicative decomposition model for tissue growth: Beyond the initial stress-free state

Finally, we consider a tubular organ as a representative example to demonstrate the effects of the proposed initial residual stress on stress distribution and on shape formation through an incremental stability analysis. Our results suggest that the initial residual stress exerts a major influence on the growth stress and the morphology of biological tissues. The model bridges the gap between any two growth states of a biological tissue that is endowed with a certain level of residual stresses.