Energy shocks, crises and the policy process: A review of theory and application

What motivates changes in energy policy? Typically, the process begins with a notable exogenous event, a shock. Often, the shock leads to what is perceived to be a crisis. This review essay surveys theories of crisis policymaking from the social science literature and considers their application to changes in energy policy. Two cases-one from the U.S., the other from Germany-are examined in more detail from the standpoint of the theories discussed. Suggestions are made for improving energy policy analysis in the future.