Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
7402020 | Energy Policy | 2014 | 18 Pages |
Abstract
Our variables are integrated at I(1) confirmed by time series and panel unit root tests and cointegration is found between trade openness and energy consumption. The relationship between trade openness and energy consumption is inverted U-shaped in high income countries but U-shaped in middle and low income countries. The homogenous and non-homogenous causality analysis reveals the bidirectional causality between trade openness and energy consumption. This paper opens up new insights for policy makers to design a comprehensive economic, trade and policies for sustainable economic growth in long run following heterogeneous causality findings.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Authors
Muhammad Shahbaz, Samia Nasreen, Chong Hui Ling, Rashid Sbia,