The inevitability of 'flotilla policies' as complements or alternatives to flagship emissions trading schemes

► Strong flagship policies may be blocked by those opposing action. ► Weak flagship policies may be blocked by those seeking strong action. ► Flotilla policies have less impact on large incumbents. ► Flotilla policies can benefit a select group of stakeholders, who provide support. ► Flotilla policies are likely to remain as key elements of the climate policy mix.