Fast response photonic crystal pH sensor based on templated photo-polymerized hydrogel inverse opal

Polymer hydrogels can exhibit large reversible volume changes in response to external stimuli, and thus are regarded as excellent materials for chemical sensors. In this report, we demonstrate a mechanically robust and fast response photonic crystal pH sensor fabricated by templated photo-polymerization of hydrogel monomers within the interstitial space of a self-assembled colloidal photonic crystal. Throughout a rigorous optimization of the photo-polymerization, pH sensors showing a response time of less than 10 s upon a pH change were fabricated. Repeated pH changes revealed that the sensor has a long lifetime (>6 months) without degradation of the response time or reproducibility in pH-driven color change.