The principles of solid state chemistry hold the key to the successful design of heterogeneous catalysts for environmentally responsible processes

Fundamental studies of single-crystal surfaces have greatly enlarged our knowledge of the nature of heterogeneous catalysis. But in the quest for the design of new, high-performance solid catalysts to meet the challenges of sustainability and environmental responsibility in chemical manufacture, the contributions that center on the synthesis, characterization and selectivity of open-structure, single-site catalysts are at least as important. The synthesis, using variants of solid-state chemical procedures of new zeolites by protagonists such as Barrer, Corma, Vaughan, Xu, Zones and others exemplify this point. Likewise, the adaptation & creation of new techniques of characterization, adopted from solid-state chemistry, is vitally important in this context. Advanced computational techniques, quoted here, contribute a deeper understanding of such important facets of catalysis as C–H activation in O2 at Mn[III]-centered doped AlPOs and alkene epoxidation at Ti[IV]-centered doped silicas. The challenges associated with the still elusive, routine preparation of homochiral zeolitic catalysts, and reflections on the utility of acidic clay catalysts, are also outlined, as are the important roles played by single-site heterogeneous catalysts (SSHCs).

Graphical abstractLa3+-ion-exchanged zeolite Y has La(OH)2+ ions and H+ ions attached loosely to framework oxygens. The latter trigger catalytic cracking reactions via carbenium and carbonium ions.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Solid-state techniques related to synthesis & characterization are adumbrated. ► Mn[III]-centered AlPOs are extremely selective in C–H activation in O2. ► Relevance of acidic clay and homochiral zeolitic catalysts are briefly discussed.