A user-choice model for locating congested fast charging stations

We consider a maximal coverage problem for locating congested fast charging stations and deploying chargers in a stochastic environment. A user-choice behaviour considering various factors is modelled. A user-choice model fully reflecting it and system-choice models partially reflecting it are derived. A case study shows the decisions by the system-choice models may result in huge congestion from the user-choice behaviour, and it gives the following main managerial implications for the user-choice model. The model seems to make robust location decisions for different settings of budget and utility function parameters, and it may give less coverage when allowing a long detour.