Ship type decision considering empty container repositioning and foldable containers

This paper addresses a problem of ship type decision considering empty container repositioning and foldable containers, which determines the capacity of ships deployed in a given shipping route at a tactical level and empty container repositioning between ports at an operational level. It considers the use of foldable containers and aims to find under what conditions, a shipping liner needs to use the foldable containers. To solve the problem, we formulate a network flow model with a revised network simplex algorithm, based on which an exact solution approach is designed to determine the optimal ship type.