The Pont du Garde aqueduct and castellum: Insight into Roman hydraulic engineering practice

- Hydraulic analysis of the Roman Pont du Garde aqueduct and castellum system performed
- Aqueduct flow distributed through 10 castellum basin wall pipelines to Roman city of Nemausus (current Nimes, France)
- Design intent to exactly match maximum input aqueduct flow rate to ten castellum pipelines total outflow flow rate
- Pipeline entrances located close to castellum top rim inducing partial, critical Fr = 1 entry flow into pipelines
- Castellum design equates input aqueduct to total output castellum flow rate only when pipelines maintained at critical slopes