Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
768094 Computers & Fluids 2016 8 Pages PDF
Abstract

•We model nonlinear evolution of ferrofluid–air interface under a magnetic field.•We determine interfacial deflection of a magnetic fluid and transition into a jet.•Numerical results provide data of maximum deflection of a ferrofluid.•A scaling law, without a free parameter, for maximum deflection is predicted.

An attractive technique for forming and collecting aggregates of magnetic material at a liquid–air interface by an applied magnetic field gradient was recently proposed, and its underlying principle was studied theoretically and experimentally (Tsai et al., 2013): when the magnetic field is weak, the deflection of the liquid–air interface has a steady shape, while for sufficiently strong fields, the interface destabilizes and forms a jet that extracts magnetic material. Motivated by this work, we develop a numerical model for the closely related problem of solving two-phase Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the static Maxwell equations. We computationally model the forces generated by a magnetic field gradient produced by a permanent magnet and so determine the interfacial deflection of a magnetic fluid (a pure ferrofluid system) and the transition into a jet. We analyze the shape of the liquid–air interface during the deformation stage and the critical magnet distance for which the static interface transitions into a jet. We draw conclusions on the ability of our numerical model to predict the large interfacial deformation and the consequent jetting, free of fitting parameters.

Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering Engineering Computational Mechanics
Authors
, , ,