Effects of congestion and confining walls on turbulent deflagrations in a hydrogen storage facility-part 2: Numerical study

Safety studies for hydrogen retail stations involve identification of possible accidental scenarios, modelling of consequences and measures to mitigate associated hazards with it. Accidental release of hydrogen during its handling and storage can lead to formation of ignitable mixture in a very short time. Ignition of such a mixture can lead to generation of overpressure affecting structure and people. Understanding of the possible overpressures generated is critical in designing the system safe from explosion hazards. In the present study, the worst-case scenario where high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are enveloped by a premixed hydrogen-air cloud is numerically simulated. The computational domain mimics the setup for premixed hydrogen cloud in a mock hydrogen cylinder storage congestion environment experimentally studied by Shirvill et al. [1]. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are performed using OpenFOAM CFD toolbox solver. The Flame Surface Wrinkling Model in LES context is used for modelling deflagrations [2]. Numerical simulation results are compared against experiments. Simulations are able to predict experimental flame arrival and overpressure reasonably well. The effects of ignition location, congestion and confining walls on the turbulent deflagrations in particular on explosion overpressure are discussed. It was concluded that explosion overpressure increases with increase in confinement.