Self-consistent one-dimensional electron system on liquid helium suspended over a nanoscale dielectric substrate

For electrons above a superfluid helium film suspended on a specially designed dielectric substrate, z = h(y), we obtain that both the transverse, along z, and the lateral, along y, quantizations are strongly enhanced due to a strong mutual coupling. The self-consistent quantum wires (QWs) with non-degenerated one-dimensional electron systems (1DESs) are obtained over a superfluid liquid helium (LH) suspended self-consistently on different dielectric substrates with a nanoscale modulation. A gap ≳10 meV (≳1 meV) is obtained between the lowest two electron levels due to mainly the transverse (lateral) quantization. Our analytical model takes into account a strong interplay between the transverse and the lateral quantizations of an electron. It uses that the characteristic length (energy) along the former direction is essentially smaller (larger) than the one along the latter, in a close analogy with the adiabatic approximation.