Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8301939 | Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids | 2015 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Major depression and anxiety disorders have high prevalence rates and are frequently comorbid. The neurobiological bases for these disorders are not fully understood, and available treatments are not always effective. Current models assume that dysfunctions in neuronal proteins and peptide activities are the primary causes of these disorders. Brain lipids determine the localization and function of proteins in the cell membrane and in doing so regulate synaptic throughput in neurons. Lipids may also leave the membrane as transmitters and relay signals from the membrane to intracellular compartments or to other cells. Here we review how membrane lipids, which play roles in the membrane's function as a barrier and a signaling medium for classical transmitter signaling, contribute to depression and anxiety disorders and how this role may provide targets for lipid-based treatment approaches. Preclinical findings have suggested a crucial role for the membrane-forming n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in the induction of depression- and anxiety-related behaviors. These polyunsaturated fatty acids also offer new treatment options such as targeted dietary supplementation or pharmacological interference with lipid-regulating enzymes. While clinical trials support this view, effective lipid-based therapies may need more individualized approaches. Altogether, accumulating evidence suggests a crucial role for membrane lipids in the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety disorders; these lipids could be exploited for improved prevention and treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Brain Lipids.
Keywords
EPAPI3K5-HTPLDDPAIL-6NSMPFCSNPsSPCNACNATERKNSFEPMLPCDATASMAMPAFSTCB1NMDAN-methyl-d-aspartateTph-2DOPAC5-HIAAPLCMAOPKCS1PPUFAsDGKPLA2novelty suppressed feeding testIFNαCerSCeramide synthasesGSLCDP-DAGGlcCerGalCerMHPG3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycolBrain-Derived Nerve Growth FactorSphK2ACTHMFSD2a5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acidBDNFPI-3-kinaseforced swim testphospholipase A2Anxiety disorderacid sphingomyelinasesphingomyelinSphingosine kinase 2SphingosylphosphorylcholineSphingosine-1-phosphatesphingolipidneutral sphingomyelinasealpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic aciddocosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3)acid ceramidasephosphatidic acidFatty acidPolyunsaturated fatty acidsFatty acidsMajor depressionDopamine transporternoradrenaline transporterinterferon αinterleukin-6elevated plus mazetryptophan hydroxylase-2tumor necrosis factor alphaDopamineDHAdihydroxyphenylacetic acidcytidine diphosphate diacylglyceroldiacylglycerolDAGSERTCerceramideSerotoninserotonin transporterTNF-αphosphatase and tensin homologphospholipase CPhospholipase Dprefrontal cortexfrontal cortexLysophosphatidylcholinesSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorSSRImonoamine oxidasenoradrenalineNucleus accumbensadrenocorticotropic hormoneProtein kinase CSingle nucleotide polymorphismsPiPHVAPtenCOPIextracellular signal-regulated kinasegalactosylceramideglucosylceramideglycerophospholipidglycerolipidGlycosphingolipidsCannabinoid 1 receptor
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Authors
Christian P. Müller, Martin Reichel, Christiane Mühle, Cosima Rhein, Erich Gulbins, Johannes Kornhuber,