Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8305984 | Biochimie | 2014 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Orexins - orexin-A and orexin-B - are neuropeptides with significant role in regulation of fundamental physiological processes such as sleep-wakefulness cycle. Orexins act via G-protein-coupled OX1 and OX2 receptors, which are found, in addition to the central nervous system, also in a number of peripheral organs. Orexin receptors show high degree of signaling promiscuity. One particularly prominent way of signaling for these receptors is via phospholipase cascades, including the phospholipase C, phospholipase D and phospholipase A2 cascades, and also diacylglycerol lipase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathways. Most analyses have been performed in recombinant cells; there are indications of some of these cascades in native cells while the significance of other cascades remains to be shown. In this review, I present these pathways, their activation mechanisms and their physiological significance.
Keywords
PI3KNSCCPDK1U73122PIP3KB-R7943GPLOX22-arachidonoylglycerolGPCRIP3MAFP2-AGOX1PC-PLCN-arachidonoylethanolamineN-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamineERKPISPIP2G-protein-coupled receptorinositol-1,4,5-trisphosphateDAGLanandamideendocannabinoidArachidonic acidphosphatidic acidlysophosphatidic acidOrexinCNSdiacylglyceroldioctanoylglycerolDAGDogcentral nervous systemIon fluxesphosphatidylinositolphosphatidylcholinephosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphatephosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphatePhospholipasephosphoinositide-3-kinaseDAG lipasemethyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonateNAPEHypocretinphosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1PiPNon-selective cation channelextracellular signal-regulated kinaseglycerophospholipidOrexin 1 receptorOrexin 2 receptor
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Authors
Jyrki P. Kukkonen,