Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8313119 | Clinica Chimica Acta | 2013 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the deposition of excessive cholesterol in the arterial intima. Macrophage foam cells play a critical role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The generation of these cells is associated with imbalance of cholesterol influx, esterification and efflux. CD36 and scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) are mainly responsible for uptake of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol by macrophages. Acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (nCEH) regulate cholesterol esterification. ATP-binding cassette transporters A1(ABCA1), ABCG1 and scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) play crucial roles in macrophage cholesterol export. When inflow and esterification of cholesterol increase and/or its outflow decrease, the macrophages are ultimately transformed into lipid-laden foam cells, the prototypical cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of this review is to describe what is known about the mechanisms of cholesterol uptake, esterification and release in macrophages. An increased understanding of the process of macrophage foam cell formation will help to develop novel therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis.
Keywords
LDLRPKCACAT1PPAR-γPKBRetinoid X receptorRCTSR-BICD36LXRApoA-IABCA1RXROx-LDLABCG1HDLSR-Ascavenger receptor class APPREsTGF-βPI3KPPAR response elementsnCEHATP-binding cassette transporter A1ERK1/2ATP-binding cassette transporter G1high-density lipoproteinMAPKAtherosclerosisApoeApolipoprotein A-Iapolipoprotein Etransforming growth factor-βFoam cellsAgePhosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseOxidized low-density lipoproteinAdvanced glycation end productsNeutral cholesteryl ester hydrolaseprotein kinase BProtein kinase Cmitogen-activated protein kinaseliver X receptorCholesterol esterfree cholesterolreverse cholesterol transportextracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2Low-density lipoprotein receptorPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γScavenger receptor BI
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Authors
Xiao-Hua Yu, Yu-Chang Fu, Da-Wei Zhang, Kai Yin, Chao-Ke Tang,