Diverging sex-specific long-term effects of cigarette smoking on fasting insulin and glucose levels in non-diabetic people

► We determined in 1071 non-diabetic persons the associations of current smoking with future glucose and insulin concentrations, measured at baseline and 5.2-years later. ► After adjustment for age and body mass index, current male smokers demonstrated over time evidence of reduced insulin sensitivity, female smokers of improved one, as assessed by QUICKI. ► Smoking among Turks induces at long-term lower fasting insulin levels which represent improved insulin sensitivity in women, yet a reduced one in men.