Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8325521 | The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | 2010 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are essential for normal cell growth. The polyamine levels in cells are regulated by biosynthesis, degradation, and transport. Polyamines can modulate the functions of DNA, nucleotide triphosphates, proteins, and especially RNA because most polyamines exist in a polyamine-RNA complex in cells. Thus, the major focus on this review is on the role of polyamines in protein synthesis. In addition, effects of polyamines on B to Z conversion of DNA, transcription, phosphorylation of proteins, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and ion channels, especially NMDA receptors, are outlined. The function of eIF5A is also briefly discussed. Finally, a correlation between acrolein, produced from polyamines by polyamine oxidases, and chronic renal failure or brain stroke is summarized. Increased levels of polyamine oxidases and acrolein are good markers of chronic renal failure and brain stroke.
Keywords
N-methyl-d-aspartateShine–DalgarnoEukaryotic translation initiation factor 5ASAMDCPC-AcroODCEIF5AOrnithine decarboxylaseNMDAAMPASbiIL-6NMDA receptorS-adenosylmethionine decarboxylasesSATAcroleinSpermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferaseα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidinterleukin-6Protein synthesissilent brain infarctionProtein phosphorylationC-reactive proteinCRPPolyamine
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Authors
Kazuei Igarashi, Keiko Kashiwagi,