Neuroprotection by gonadal steroid hormones in acute brain damage requires cooperation with astroglia and microglia

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
8339040	The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology	2013	11 Pages	PDF

Abstract

âº Neuroprotection in stroke depends on cross-talk of steroid hormones and brain glia. âº Astroglia and microglia are target cells for estrogen and progesterone. âº Gonadal steroids reduce neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. âº Excitotoxicity is attenuated by gonadal steroids.

Keywords

AQP ERK SRC iNOS pKa CaMK EAE GLAST GLT-1 PKC NF-κB Astroglia TMCAO GPR30 SERM Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases PELP1 MNAR TGF-β Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases IGF MMP PI3K GFAP BSA MAPK Small interfering RNA ROS siRNA Adenosine Triphosphate ATP bovine serum albumin Respiratory chain enzymes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis aquaporin Estrogen transient middle cerebral artery occlusion insulin-like growth factor-1 interleukin ICI ICI 182,780 Alzheimer's disease transforming growth factor-beta tumor necrosis factor-alpha CNS Sarcoma BBB Blood–brain barrier inducible nitric oxide synthase central nervous system Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)TNF-α Nuclear factor-kappa B matrix metalloproteinase MHC major histocompatibility complex Selective estrogen receptor modulator Microglia knockout Glial fibrillary acidic protein protein kinase A Protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase Progesterone extracellular signal-related kinase glutamate transporter-1 radical oxygen species Estrogen receptor