Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8361861 | Seminars in Cancer Biology | 2017 | 41 Pages |
Abstract
Treatment of cancer metastasis has been largely ineffective. It is paramount to understand the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process, of which the tumor microenvironment is an indispensable participant. What are the critical cellular and molecular players at the primary tumor site where metastatic cascade initiates? How is tumor-associated inflammation regulated? How do altered vasculatures contribute to metastasis? What is the dynamic nature or heterogeneity of primary tumors and what are the challenges to catch a moving target? This review summarizes recent progress, mechanistic understanding, and options for metastasis-targeted therapy.
Keywords
TMEEPCsIKKAPCTANCAFsTGFβSDF-1RTKTβRIICTLMDSCHNSCCFSP1NSAIDSTGFβ type II receptorIκB kinaseadenomatous polyposis coliloss of heterozygosityTAMTransforming Growth Factor BetaEMTNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsTumor suppressorsTumor suppressorcytotoxic T cellsEndothelial progenitor cellsStromal derived factor 1Vascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)phosphatase and tensin homologCancer-associated fibroblastsLOHTumor-associated macrophagesTumor metastasisMicroenvironmentTumor microenvironmentHeterogeneityTumor-associated neutrophilsNitric oxideFibroblast specific protein 1PtenHead and neck squamous cell carcinomaEpithelial–mesenchymal transitionAndrogen ReceptorReceptor Tyrosine Kinase
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Authors
Li Yang, P. Charles Lin,