Desmoid Tumors: A Review of Their Natural History, Imaging, and Treatment

Desmoid tumors are uncommon neoplasms that are also termed desmoid-type fibromatosis and aggressive fibromatosis. Although desmoids lack metastatic potential, they often exhibit aggressive local invasion. Desmoid tumors have a typical but nonspecific appearance on multiple imaging modalities, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Radiology plays an integral role with imaging and intervention in the management of these tumors as their location and relationship to adjacent structures determines the optimal treatment pathway. Currently, the standard of care for the management of desmoid tumors begins with a conservative observational approach, with additional interventions, such as surgery, radiation, systemic therapy, or alternative therapies used depending on the behavior of the individual desmoid tumor. Although not malignant, desmoid tumors can have serious medical and psychological implications for patients.