Defining the upper extremity range of motion for safe automobile driving

Shoulder flexion, internal rotation and forearm rotation have been shown to be key upper extremity movements in safe driving. Clinicians can refer to the ranges of motion recorded in this investigation, or the driving task at hand in their fitness-to-drive assessments. The ability to revolve the steering wheel 100° exceeds the 95th percentile of the steering wheel revolution angle required to avoid simulated traffic hazards.