Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8838712 | Neurobiology of Stress | 2018 | 49 Pages |
Abstract
Microglia are the predominant immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that exert key physiological roles required for maintaining CNS homeostasis, notably in response to chronic stress, as well as mediating synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. The repeated exposure to stress confers a higher risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). While microglia have been causally linked to amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and synaptic loss in AD, they were also attributed beneficial roles, notably in the phagocytic elimination of Aβ. In this review, we discuss the interactions between chronic stress and AD pathology, overview the roles played by microglia in AD, especially focusing on chronic stress as an environmental risk factor modulating their function, and present recently-described microglial phenotypes associated with neuroprotection in AD. These microglial phenotypes observed under both chronic stress and AD pathology may provide novel opportunities for the development of better-targeted therapeutic interventions.
Keywords
TGFβCRFAPPMPFCTLRNFTIBA1CD11BDAP12cluster of differentiation molecule 11bAβNADPHTREM2TyrobpCD33ABCA7TNFαhypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axisBDNFROSApoeapolipoprotein EStressNeuroinflammationinterleukinSynaptic remodelingamyloid betaFADAlzheimer's diseasefamilial Alzheimer's diseaseTransforming growth factor βlong-term potentiationLTPNeurodegenerationtumor necrosis factor-αCNSDamcentral nervous systemcorticotropin releasing factorbrain derived neurotrophic factormedial prefrontal cortexHPA axisionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1neurofibrillary tanglesMicroglianicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatePresenilinamyloid precursor proteinReactive oxygen speciesComplement receptorMineralocorticoid receptorToll-like receptorsglucocorticoid receptor
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Authors
Kanchan Bisht, Kaushik Sharma, Marie-Ãve Tremblay,