| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8920254 | Current Opinion in Toxicology | 2017 | 6 Pages |
Abstract
The two year rodent bioassay has been the standard for carcinogenicity screening for 5 decades. However, numerous examples exist showing that a positive result is not predictive of human cancer risk because of lack of relevant dose and/or mode of action. Utilizing basic principles of carcinogenesis, evaluating chemicals for DNA reactivity, immunosuppression, estrogenic activity and increased cell proliferation provides a more scientific, rationally based process for evaluating risk, in conjunction with metabolism in human cell systems and dose response considerations. George Box once stated, “Models; all are wrong, some are useful.” The two year rodent bioassay screen for carcinogenesis is no longer useful.
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Authors
Samuel M. Cohen,