Intravascular Volume Profiles in Patients With Class I and II Systolic Heart Failure: Heterogeneity and Volume Overload Are Common Even in Mild Heart Failure

Marked heterogeneity in plasma volume and RBCM volume profiles is present even in mild HF, and identifying volume overload, which was common in early HF, has the potential to help guide therapy in the reduction of HF progression. Intravascular volume as a modifiable risk factor in early HF warrants further study.