Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
8950133	Pharmacological Research	2018	45 Pages	PDF

Keywords

ECM CREB STAT3 PI3K CDK HSC MMP LPS IL-6 TGF-β1 Jnk HepG2 SFC PDA UV-A ODS CAT SBP GFAP HDL Nrf2 GSH GPX HO-1 TLC FBL cGMP Bcl-2 ERK LPO TBARS COX-1 NOS ALT HUVEC PPARγ LDL-C PON IRS IL-1β IκB CaMK GSK-3β ICV NMDA N-methyl-d-aspartate IFN-γ ET-1 AP-1 IL-2 MNU RPE 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium Gap43 NSCs anti-oxidant response elements HBMEC PGC-1α AQP GM-CSF RGCs NKCC SAH SCF MCP1 GLUT4 NQO-1 NR2B SYP HYP IL-8 TEWL NEFA HCFs KCS MITF HSCs HCCs CYP2E1 RXR granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor NF-κβ MMP-1 HaCaT TIMP1 IKKβ PRX XDH N-methyl-N-nitrosourea HIR R-Smads Zeaxanthin (PubChem CID: 5280899)HClO Molarity TBI SHRSP Rex1 Reduced expression MDA Xanthine oxidase natural killer BDNF c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase cAMP MPO DNA high-density lipoprotein IκB kinase β MAPK MPP+NPCs p38 MAPK ROS Cyclic adenosine monophosphate photodiode array Astaxanthin AST Aspartate aminotransferase Traumatic brain injury Spinal cord injury alanine transaminase Alpha-Tocopherol (PubChem CID: 14985)apo apolipoprotein aquaporin Transepidermal water loss Osteoarthritis steroidogenic acute regulatory deoxyribonucleic acid hypochlorous acid Non-esterified fatty acid Ultraviolet Ultraviolet-A cAMP response element binding insulin receptor substrate retinal pigment epithelial intrathecal interferon-γ Interleukin-8 interleukin-6 Interleukin-1β Interleukin-2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 Bax Beta-Carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489)Alzheimer’s disease Transforming growth factor-β1 Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling triacylglycerol TAG یا triacylglycerols thioredoxin reductase triglyceride Oxidative stress tumor necrosis factor-α TUNEL Insulin sensitivity Subarachnoid hemorrhage intraperitoneal Neuropathic pain Diabetes mellitus growth associated protein 43 Xanthine dehydrogenase Star SOD BBB blood brain barrier NSCLC Human umbilical vein endothelial cells Retinal ganglion cells Neural stem cells Neural progenitor cells Hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepatic stellate cells thymidylate synthase Nitric oxide synthases Superoxide dismutase Supercritical fluid cyt cytochrome P450 2E1 Synaptophysin Shr MIF brain derived neurotrophic factor Macrophage migration inhibitory factor sci Pharmacology Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Stem Cell Factor TNF-α nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 phosphoinositide 3-kinase systolic blood pressure Blood pressure Biological activities Health benefits human cardiac fibroblasts Arc B-cell lymphoma 2 Lutein (PubChem CID: 5281243)Leukotriene B4 lipopolysaccharide extra cellular matrix Extracellular matrix matrix metalloproteinase Matrix metalloproteinase-1 malondialdehyde signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 NF-κB inhibitor thiobarbituric acid reactive substances Spontaneously hypertensive rats Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats cyclic guanosine monophosphate myeloperoxidase Glucose transporter type 4 Nitric oxide ARE hydroxyproline acrosome reaction body weight Antibody Paraoxonase Humoral immune response Lipid peroxidation monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 BCL2-associated X protein Glial fibrillary acidic protein activator protein C-reactive protein CRP mitogen activated protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Peroxiredoxin Catalase non-small-cell lung carcinoma Creatine kinase Keratinocytes HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography thin-layer chromatography total cholesterol Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol Extracellular signal–regulated kinase cyclin dependent kinase GABA Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Glutathione glutathione peroxidase Glycogen synthase kinase-3β Reactive oxygen species

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Astaxanthin: A mechanistic review on its biological activities and health benefits

Authors

Sajad Fakhri, Fatemeh Abbaszadeh, Leila Dargahi, Masoumeh Jorjani,