Techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic battery system configuration and location

Key findings from the modelling results reveal that in Lindenberg in Germany, a south orientation gives the highest degree of autarky and the lowest levelized cost of electricity, but with the lowest share of self-consumption as well. For rooftops oriented towards east/west, an interesting possibility could be to split the total installed capacity (equally) between the two orientations. This makes it possible to benefit from the high self-consumption of the east orientation and the high degree of autarky of the west orientation. In general, it has to be considered that the optimum orientation strongly depends on the consumer load profile. The technical analysis shows that changing the location to Almeria increases degree of autarky and decreases share of self-consumption for south orientation with different magnitude that depends on the load profile. Finally, the results show opposite impacts that depend on orientation and location when switching from a tilt angle of 30° to 45°. For a south orientation in Almeria and Lindenberg, the degree of autarky is increased when approaching the optimum tilt angle, while for west and east orientations in Lindenberg self-consumption increases.