Hypoglycemic effect of Egyptian Morus alba root bark extract: Effect on diabetes and lipid peroxidation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The hypoglycemic activity of the flavonoids rich fraction of 70% alcohol extract of the Egyptian Morus alba root bark (MRBF-3) was evaluated after its oral administration to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by injection of 60 mg kg−1 i.p. The administration of MRBF-3 to streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats for 10 days in a dose of 200 and 400 mg kg−1 day−1 was not significant. However, administration of MRBF-3 for 10 days (600 mg kg−1 day−1) significantly reduced the amount of the glucose from control level (379 ± 9 mg/dl) to a lower level (155 ± 8 mg/dl) and significantly increased the insulin level from control (10.8 ± 0.3 μU/ml) to a high level (15.6 ± 0.3 μU/ml). The measurement of produced lipid peroxides (expressed as the amount of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactive substance, nmol TBARS/ml serum) indicated antiperoxidative activity of MRBF-3. The oral administration of MRBF-3 to STZ-diabetic rats significantly decreased the lipid peroxides from 6.3 ± 0.8 to 5.1 ± 0.7 nmol TBARS/ml serum. The phytochemical investigation of MRBF-3 resulted in the isolation of four hydrophobic flavonoids with one or two isoprenoid groups (log P = 5-9): morusin, cyclomorusin, neocyclomorusin, and kuwanon E, a 2-arylbenzofuran, moracin M, and two triterpenes, betulinic acid and methyl ursolate. The data obtained from this study revealed that MRBF-3 may protect pancreatic β cells from degeneration and diminish lipid peroxidation. However, this is the first biological screening of the Egyptian Morus alba root bark; further future merit studies including clinical study will be necessary in order to confirm the results obtained from this study.