The genus Ardisia: a novel source of health-promoting compounds and phytopharmaceuticals

Approximately 500 species of Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) are found throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Several of those Ardisia species have been used as ornamental plants, food and medicines. Due to taxonomic confusions, correct identification and acquisition of plant materials remain difficult for some species. Although species of Ardisia are a rich source of novel and biologically potent phytochemical compounds, such as bergenin and ardisin, the utilization of Ardisia species or their phytochemical constituents have not been fully explored, resulting in underexploitation of their uses. The present article reviews the usage and biological activities of Ardisia compounds, as well as recent progress regarding the use of this genus in clinical research. The information presented here also illustrates the potential of the genus as a source of therapeutic agents.