Sirolimus-eluting stent implantation and β-irradiation for the treatment of in-stent restenotic lesions: Comparison of underlying mechanisms of acute gain and late loss as assessed by volumetric intravascular ultrasound

Drug-eluting stent for the treatment of ISR more effectively inhibits neointima formation when compared with VBT. Yet insufficient stent expansion might be a reason for device failure and should be avoided. At the reference site, lumen loss by an increased plaque burden, as has been well recognized following VBT, is not present with DES.