Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus in the Latin American region

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the subject of intense research and clinical investigations, as a consequence of the recognition ofits major role in human disease. HCV evolution is a highly dynamic process. HCV exploits all known mechanisms of genetic variation, such as recombination and mutation, to ensure its survival. Like most RNA viruses, HCV circulates in vivo as a complex population of different but closely related variants, commonly referred to as a quasispecies. This work describes the genetic variability of HCV in Latin America, with special emphasis on its diversification and recombination in this area of the world, and discusses how our knowledge of these issues can contribute to its control.